Suchergebnisse

ELECTORAL DYNAMICS IN DENMARK SINCE 1990 WERE CHARACTERIZED BY REGIONAL REALIGNMENT AND DECLINE OF PARTY LOYALTY. IN SPITE OF THE DEFEAT, THE THREE SURVIVING GOVERNMENT PARTIES COULD CONTINUE IN A MINORITY GOVERNMENT. THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT, REFORMS AND THE EU, PREPARING FOR THE ELECTION, THE CAMPAIGN, AND, THE RESULTS. IT NOTES THE NEW GOVERNMENT PINS ITS FAITH ON THE EXPECTED DECLINE OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND ON BROAD COOPERATION BETWEEN PARTIES IN PARLIAMENT.

A STUDY OF THE RESULTS OF THE EUROPEAN ELECTIONS IN DENMARK SINCE 1979 INDICATES THAT THE OUTCOME OF THESE ELECTIONS CAN BE EXPLAINED BY THREE MAIN FACTORS: THE TREND IN NATIONAL POLITICS; THE PERSONAL POPULARITY OF THE CANDIDATES; AND PUBLIC OPINION ON EUROPEAN INTEGRATION. THE TURBULENT OUTCOME OF THE 1994 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED IN PART TO ALL THREE FACTORS. THE MOST SEVERE SETBACK AT THE ELECTION WAS SUFFERED BY THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATS IN SPITE OF A STABLE POSITION IN THE POLLS.

SINCE 1985, THE ANNUAL FLOW OF JAPANESE OUTWARD DIRECT INVESTMENT HAS INCREASED BY MORE THAN 500 PERCENT. HEITGER AND STEHN HAVE ARGUED THAT "THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR EXPLAINING THE RECENT INCREASE IN JAPANESE DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EUROPE IS THE PRESENT EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF EFFECTIVE PROTECTION, AS WELL AS EXPECTED CHANGES IN THE COURSE OF THE COMPLETION OF THE EUROPEAN INTERNAL MARKET IN 1993." IN THIS PAPER, THE AUTHORS ARGUE THAT PROTECTIONISM IS NEITHER A NECESSARY, NOR A SUFFICIENT, CONDITION FOR DIRECT INVESTMENT. THEY ALSO ARGUE THAT THERE ARE CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS WITH BOTH THE METHOD AND THE STATISTICS USED BY HEITGER AND STEHN TO ESTABLISH A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROTECTIONISM AND INVESTMENT.

Explains why protectionism is neither a necessary, nor a sufficient condition for direct investment. Argues that there are conceptual problems with both the method and statistics used by Heitger and Stehn to establish a positive relationship between protectionism and investment. (SJK)

The floating vote & the floating voter at three critical junctures in modern Swedish political history are examined using S. R. Thomsen's method of ecological inference (Danish Elections 1920-1979: A Logit Approach to Ecological Analysis and Inference, Aarhus: Politica, 1987). Ecological estimates drawn from Thomsen's approach support the notion that the Swedish elections of 1928, 1948, & 1968 were mobilizing elections, enticing significant numbers of new voters to the polls & generating considerable mobility between parties. The three elections could also be considered realigning, given their potential to establish a new status quo. It is suggested that right-wing parties were on the offensive in 1928 & 1948, while the Social Democrats held the initiative in 1968. However, because the new coalitions reflected instability, the floating voters were responsible for the difference between defeat & victory, particularly voters with a nonvoting history. It is argued that Thomsen's method for ecological inference is more effective than alternative regression methods. 8 Tables, 1 Figure, 14 References. S. Millett

Understanding migratory behavior, mortality, and physiology is essential for conservation of many species, particularly anadromous fish. In this study, freshwater and marine migrations of the endangered salmonid North Sea houting (Coregonus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)) were investigated using telemetry. Furthermore, physiological samples were collected from North Sea houting and from resident and anadromous populations of the closely related European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)) to compare hypo-osmotic tolerances. On average, North Sea houting spent 193 days at sea where the mortality was 36%. Most fish returned from sea in the autumn, and river entry correlated inversely with river temperature and positively with discharge. Fish spent an average of 49 days in the estuarine area. Artificial lakes negatively affected migration speeds. Migration speeds did not differ consistently between individuals (i.e., not a repeatable trait) but correlated positively with water temperature. Fish arrived at spawning areas in November. In the post-spawning state, Na+/K+-ATPase activities were elevated in North Sea houting and anadromous whitefish compared with resident whitefish, while osmolality was elevated only in North Sea houting. Our study provides important information for conservation planning related to the Habitat Directive of the European Union that lists the North Sea houting as critically endangered.

RiskBenefit4EU – Partnering to strengthen the risk–benefit assessment within EU using a holistic approach, is a recent European pilot project funded by EFSA and coordinated by Portugal (PT), integrating a multidisciplinary team from health and food institutes, national food safety authorities, R&D institutions and academia from PT, Denmark (DK) and France (FR). The main objectives of RiskBenefit4EU concerns the development of a set of Risk–Benefit Assessment (RBA) tools to assess and integrate food risks and benefits in the areas of microbiological, nutritional and chemical components through the development of a harmonised framework. This pilot project will validate the RBA framework created using a Portuguese case study on cereal-based foods. The research idea for food safety in risk assessment is to create an international network on RBA to promote and disseminate the outputs and knowledge acquired under RiskBenefir4EU, at European level. This network aims to promote knowledge and capacity building on RBA (acquired under RiskBenefit4EU) among European early stage researchers and to apply the harmonised framework on their countries. Health risks associated with consumption of cereal-based foods, an important source of nutrients with beneficial health effects, could increase soon due to climate changes in Europe (dry conditions and increased ambient temperatures could promote an increase in toxins production; occurrence of emergent compounds) so the dissemination and use of the RBA harmonized tools related with ingestion of cereal-based foods and derivatives could contribute to support future food and health policy in Europe. ; Projects GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2017/01-GA02 (EFSA), BioMAN/DAN/01 (INSA), UID/AMB/50017/2013 (CESAM) ; N/A

This update and revision of the international guideline for urticaria was developed following the methods recommended by Cochrane and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group. It is a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA²LEN) and its Urticaria and Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence (UCAREs and ACAREs), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF; EuroGuiDerm), and the Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology with the participation of 64 delegates of 50 national and international societies and from 31 countries. The consensus conference was held on 3 December 2020. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). Urticaria is a frequent, mast-cell-driven disease that presents with wheals, angioedema, or both. The lifetime prevalence for acute urticaria is approximately 20%. Chronic urticaria, i.e. chronic spontaneous urticaria and chronic inducible urticaria, is disabling, impairs quality of life, and affects performance at work and school. This updated version of the international guideline for urticaria covers the definition and classification of urticaria and outlines expert-guided and evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the different subtypes of urticaria.